- 註冊時間
- 2023-5-6
- 精華
- 在線時間
- 小時
- 米币
-
- 最後登錄
- 1970-1-1
|
發表於 2025-1-4 03:25:35
|
顯示全部樓層
Sexual Precocity in a 16-Month-Old! Q) C0 g& N+ u7 b0 _
Boy Induced by Indirect Topical$ M! L( v/ X; j. Q1 m
Exposure to Testosterone
* a' ]' O) T5 y7 E1 n' RSamar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,1 Tracy Ricke, MD,2* P- s2 L: [' l- S2 w
and Kenneth R. Rettig, MD1
: e9 q0 v9 Y( W4 n+ s+ FClinical Pediatrics; s& `8 e( |* y6 g
Volume 46 Number 64 e: K o8 K+ T/ z5 @; j! K
July 2007 540-543" ?5 j% P& Q4 J7 M5 A
© 2007 Sage Publications
: S+ j7 n! k1 T' }3 g) A# A10.1177/0009922806296651
* H5 A: L5 U+ C6 H6 ^http://clp.sagepub.com" P' N8 u8 q6 n9 i1 P3 N% `
hosted at
5 l, H" ^5 w: T1 k# a% d O8 Yhttp://online.sagepub.com5 m; K- |; I+ I, W# p z3 Z8 }# Q
Precocious puberty in boys, central or peripheral,
# N& |: e/ M; u2 X( @# Yis a significant concern for physicians. Central
$ b6 O2 m; u- W6 w* Eprecocious puberty (CPP), which is mediated
: Y$ p" V# j& q; Athrough the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, has
1 Z* |' K" s2 U9 Q% Na higher incidence of organic central nervous system
* A; H7 s. z$ [: Hlesions in boys.1,2 Virilization in boys, as manifested7 @2 m+ M/ h7 B9 ], t4 U, \
by enlargement of the penis, development of pubic6 u8 n- t; ~% `7 f
hair, and facial acne without enlargement of testi-
/ S1 ^2 l1 ^6 p/ d& y/ F: ~cles, suggests peripheral or pseudopuberty.1-3 We& j& M* y9 C. |. e8 _" p
report a 16-month-old boy who presented with the; a* ~' C" Q2 [$ I% |; s& f, Z" }
enlargement of the phallus and pubic hair develop-
, b9 U, p: L8 ^) I# Xment without testicular enlargement, which was due
* g |5 ?/ w/ rto the unintentional exposure to androgen gel used by
& k+ l; `, j2 t7 k2 x" G8 V9 M% Wthe father. The family initially concealed this infor-' z. A+ Q" e' P" @+ W2 M2 C* ?
mation, resulting in an extensive work-up for this
( t& {; D& p( bchild. Given the widespread and easy availability of
+ x3 p& c) | a: S- B8 Itestosterone gel and cream, we believe this is proba-
) q. I8 I( l6 ^* ^bly more common than the rare case report in the
' W |% W+ Y$ v k1 e) fliterature.46 a, I0 r1 q1 f/ _. C" m) v3 N
Patient Report
' s7 J. A2 A$ i7 {5 p, A3 ]* W; d* OA 16-month-old white child was referred to the
% q. \. W! K* h6 C& t `* D5 zendocrine clinic by his pediatrician with the concern
1 P! N2 w% I M' c- Xof early sexual development. His mother noticed1 |; C' t, q2 `6 d3 Z
light colored pubic hair development when he was; @% t+ b- R/ d8 H7 @
From the 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2University of
; | c6 {0 m1 ~4 Q! d& WSouth Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama.2 H& n. x" l. F7 U7 `3 P
Address correspondence to: Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,
% Q" @1 j2 [4 F! R: z6 A( K& @Professor of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, College of
% i% ^9 Y# o# o6 P- WMedicine, 2451 Fillingim St. Mastin 212, Mobile, AL 36617-2297;
6 H+ t6 r( o; U. se-mail: [email protected].
; p4 I6 q' \, e/ g! `about 6 to 7 months old, which progressively became
& `1 B1 R$ q4 C) ^& bdarker. She was also concerned about the enlarge-' ~2 C# y* m2 L% G* C
ment of his penis and frequent erections. The child; C* h: s, g5 f
was the product of a full-term normal delivery, with
9 N+ F) X# j* D4 T* h c U4 Ba birth weight of 7 lb 14 oz, and birth length of
: y+ V2 x3 W, T2 K2 C: Y20 inches. He was breast-fed throughout the first year
6 K7 M. c% I( l# U' b# Qof life and was still receiving breast milk along with: i% z. y; j7 M6 I) S: N D
solid food. He had no hospitalizations or surgery,
3 [ N5 D* J# J5 D! M6 D- Aand his psychosocial and psychomotor development
( R' r8 t: A: p3 L/ \! v! \5 [' ewas age appropriate.( p6 c, Z) N( {1 E7 B6 N9 p. F
The family history was remarkable for the father, E4 N8 [/ S3 ?( M; ^
who was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at age 16,
/ h! [ V4 H; ?6 X" Xwhich was treated with thyroxine. The father’s( O7 ] j r2 X1 S0 Y
height was 6 feet, and he went through a somewhat
. F$ V4 j5 i- G. w2 eearly puberty and had stopped growing by age 14.
% |1 k/ J0 h7 H% {2 @# X6 a% ~The father denied taking any other medication. The
3 D+ H' h) H$ r. R& {/ Z1 Zchild’s mother was in good health. Her menarche
" L9 O. _% |$ v1 {7 zwas at 11 years of age, and her height was at 5 feet" T! Y# z: s# x: R
5 inches. There was no other family history of pre-* R, t" a+ g. s6 ]' O# z G
cocious sexual development in the first-degree rela- B g4 j% o, U+ ~
tives. There were no siblings.3 k. i$ ~1 Y, X5 w- {
Physical Examination
6 H' q) S+ q$ ~0 ^ [4 UThe physical examination revealed a very active,
4 h N0 Z V- g: Xplayful, and healthy boy. The vital signs documented9 A* H$ Q: _. d2 R4 d
a blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, his length was
6 q( l2 }1 L! \" E6 e- ?90 cm (>97th percentile), and his weight was 14.4 kg8 v) J; k1 Z" b9 W \& m! ~0 E
(also >97th percentile). The observed yearly growth. o& X' y: j6 K8 w$ R$ H5 s
velocity was 30 cm (12 inches). The examination of- u9 M; @( u$ J* i& s* F
the neck revealed no thyroid enlargement.0 Q7 W: P2 Q! U6 |! M
The genitourinary examination was remarkable for
' W# h# z( Z' T% q8 w0 {enlargement of the penis, with a stretched length of
2 P; {3 |, X' S8 cm and a width of 2 cm. The glans penis was very well$ R1 J5 @: X8 C1 z$ b# ^( r8 R, ]
developed. The pubic hair was Tanner II, mostly around" F5 h1 S/ R! H4 V% L: H5 K7 ^
540' t2 y2 v( f! A+ V/ [8 l/ _9 }
at University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from7 v M5 B* X* ~6 H
the base of the phallus and was dark and curled. The
0 |2 s+ y9 m k+ p) e, utesticular volume was prepubertal at 2 mL each.
0 w$ n% b# ~0 g8 C6 Z/ T1 P% t4 JThe skin was moist and smooth and somewhat0 h" J/ F- \# Q0 o c* I
oily. No axillary hair was noted. There were no2 B$ R( X. ]( x% |) b
abnormal skin pigmentations or café-au-lait spots.- U& o+ q' t' C, }9 ~5 J
Neurologic evaluation showed deep tendon reflex 2+" m. |. u2 p! w/ O7 N# N
bilateral and symmetrical. There was no suggestion# w& k* Q$ Q1 {0 T4 _0 h
of papilledema.& M7 N. Q8 F. D5 S# v
Laboratory Evaluation: J9 Q9 g6 E0 m; w# A8 _0 E
The bone age was consistent with 28 months by
! n" s+ h; E2 ~3 i7 Busing the standard of Greulich and Pyle at a chrono-
6 [; D8 X3 z' Q4 i8 _logic age of 16 months (advanced).5 Chromosomal
. q3 `3 g) C. e9 L a* I9 k) nkaryotype was 46XY. The thyroid function test
j4 G8 Q% Z# ]' z/ C k$ X0 @showed a free T4 of 1.69 ng/dL, and thyroid stimu-1 r9 {( ~4 v2 h0 M. c* X, ?! k
lating hormone level was 1.3 µIU/mL (both normal). z5 l, ?$ u3 |- L
The concentrations of serum electrolytes, blood
3 w& K; H) O2 D! {7 xurea nitrogen, creatinine, and calcium all were/ q3 G' p- g" {8 U
within normal range for his age. The concentration
7 ?6 A% M4 Q7 e7 H4 ]& l) p* b, R) [of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 16 ng/dL
- h$ {& o- I3 |. w; T. N# S' ]6 x(normal, 3 to 90 ng/dL), androstenedione was 20
7 T0 j' w+ M3 S$ d$ O, t# Ong/dL (normal, 18 to 80 ng/dL), dehydroepiandros-' m5 Q3 W) }7 e
terone was 38 ng/dL (normal, 50 to 760 ng/dL),
: f) b( a1 `9 }3 A. B6 ~! C) |: u& [desoxycorticosterone was 4.3 ng/dL (normal, 7 to
: W% N. @6 p5 n2 \1 D2 `* w+ U49ng/dL), 11-desoxycortisol (specific compound S)* z% s( Q% M6 p) }
was 43 ng/dL (normal, 10 to 156 ng/dL), serum cor-
/ a" E+ G. R# ktisol was 7.6 µg/dL (normal, 2.8 to 23 µg/dL), total
% I9 Q- `+ C: h; Ctestosterone was 60 ng/dL (normal <3 to 10 ng/dL),
' v% ]9 g9 S( i2 L) Eand β-human chorionic gonadotropin was less than/ w0 d, v5 w7 D8 @. f
5 mIU/mL (normal <5 mIU/mL). Serum follicular/ @' W8 K j1 S0 M6 n0 A/ s8 s
stimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone1 J& t, p( S& \# n- O3 ~# x
concentrations were less than 0.05 mIU/mL9 p: K' H% u6 t
(prepubertal).
' m+ ~0 B" x! ]% M* oThe parents were notified about the laboratory P/ A0 N. N$ J3 Y6 M, ^
results and were informed that all of the tests were3 [5 [! P6 d m6 m0 D
normal except the testosterone level was high. The5 z, p/ \- r; ~$ V8 W! w
follow-up visit was arranged within a few weeks to0 P" `, q- r3 z3 f' D A$ D
obtain testicular and abdominal sonograms; how-0 Z1 M0 k9 ]; b, F/ N" L
ever, the family did not return for 4 months.( M5 U: n, k8 n; l% d
Physical examination at this time revealed that the
& Z& r2 V; ?' ~' g0 dchild had grown 2.5 cm in 4 months and had gained
6 \) G% z+ y7 y; x# v2 kg of weight. Physical examination remained
j0 e0 I4 A, z$ _! N9 Sunchanged. Surprisingly, the pubic hair almost com-
1 M9 `! ?8 @, jpletely disappeared except for a few vellous hairs at- U$ [) d" H! ?4 i6 e5 c5 c( v/ x5 O
the base of the phallus. Testicular volume was still 2
& Z$ U% T' E* Z4 I" z1 C* RmL, and the size of the penis remained unchanged.
/ Z$ J, Y$ W) ?% V/ V6 YThe mother also said that the boy was no longer hav-
& L7 P! n* v1 }& xing frequent erections.
3 {3 R6 v; h: z% D" W: d& R) P) VBoth parents were again questioned about use of
. a6 Y7 v: M. m9 {% |any ointment/creams that they may have applied to6 }) s) g. i6 \$ G" R6 D6 f* ]; @
the child’s skin. This time the father admitted the
( B, p7 {" ^" ]Topical Testosterone Exposure / Bhowmick et al 541
4 |1 z0 d8 ^# J) r( k' V( [ suse of testosterone gel twice daily that he was apply-. a0 `* G5 P& e
ing over his own shoulders, chest, and back area for
) P {. ~% z% c3 q. L7 ea year. The father also revealed he was embarrassed2 [8 c$ |5 A# |5 T3 e
to disclose that he was using a testosterone gel pre-
% |9 H( r* H$ j i$ u8 o' ?, ?3 ?8 z2 |scribed by his family physician for decreased libido
, C2 N1 A7 g H( D7 ssecondary to depression.
& R& N0 `; b& \The child slept in the same bed with parents.$ Z; H& f4 K" `/ r
The father would hug the baby and hold him on his
+ J, z! C0 F8 C# zchest for a considerable period of time, causing sig-
7 L& T5 i3 g8 q& Y2 Y$ w1 k! xnificant bare skin contact between baby and father.
/ |9 Q r) h' g U9 GThe father also admitted that after the phone call,
4 z& @" ~9 ^- twhen he learned the testosterone level in the baby
. x1 K: d# u& e/ b$ Z2 Awas high, he then read the product information2 h% a! u$ |5 @- ?& i
packet and concluded that it was most likely the rea-
9 F& A' ~" m7 g+ m/ E' L' p# tson for the child’s virilization. At that time, they$ z s# M: \; ?0 W& I# ]
decided to put the baby in a separate bed, and the! r |6 w% w: D
father was not hugging him with bare skin and had
4 Q$ ] J' \+ [ d* Ubeen using protective clothing. A repeat testosterone
4 h9 B9 j% b) a+ p% d: K' htest was ordered, but the family did not go to the3 l& d# g4 H+ \2 K, I0 ^, {$ c
laboratory to obtain the test.
. S! I) K( ]2 q8 JDiscussion
! j8 V5 a. ^5 S6 PPrecocious puberty in boys is defined as secondary0 {6 w2 R. o; K5 {- }! U9 b2 n" t
sexual development before 9 years of age.1,48 M) T, f" \ j1 R2 x7 A
Precocious puberty is termed as central (true) when
4 g ^; a- k" l0 `* L7 _it is caused by the premature activation of hypo-
& ^+ E4 H5 x0 ?: _( d/ z/ Tthalamic pituitary gonadal axis. CPP is more com-
" s( x* w+ T% }% q& d2 _mon in girls than in boys.1,3 Most boys with CPP/ D6 w/ {3 j4 z9 v/ R: w8 _
may have a central nervous system lesion that is' _& y1 C; X" `# \
responsible for the early activation of the hypothal-
: M9 X9 f" J$ E9 F# }7 ~amic pituitary gonadal axis.1-3 Thus, greater empha-7 |1 [7 h$ r1 T5 c- O3 x
sis has been given to neuroradiologic imaging in
* T: Y/ I) o# F; H) [6 E6 l' cboys with precocious puberty. In addition to viril-
3 `" S- e3 z' |5 N* iization, the clinical hallmark of CPP is the symmet-
7 s2 M+ \' C% I7 m. E4 Srical testicular growth secondary to stimulation by p6 ~" C3 I6 i9 ^
gonadotropins.1,3
" t6 w1 P6 D( T! ]- [Gonadotropin-independent peripheral preco-
, J' h) q) D! p# g0 ?4 `cious puberty in boys also results from inappropriate
k- G* [% o T0 V4 M4 h2 O5 H8 z8 K! jandrogenic stimulation from either endogenous or
. Q: q, H4 Q- Q7 l3 [+ c8 b+ pexogenous sources, nonpituitary gonadotropin stim-
5 o4 [3 m$ ^ W% {6 V4 v0 \ulation, and rare activating mutations.3 Virilizing
7 |0 b1 n. {) _5 @( g+ O* Xcongenital adrenal hyperplasia producing excessive
8 s; R( |$ H& x! [; A2 {adrenal androgens is a common cause of precocious
2 e# }% ] x1 c; {puberty in boys.3,4
! w* B/ c3 S7 B! D% f9 ~2 Q) e. ^9 `The most common form of congenital adrenal
/ O/ [( o& J* i, whyperplasia is the 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency.$ d$ G' L Z3 A+ j" N. q
The 11-β hydroxylase deficiency may also result in9 u* v' i0 g8 x) C' a5 K9 Y1 B
excessive adrenal androgen production, and rarely,' I) O, l v, C* h8 \ _/ I& T
an adrenal tumor may also cause adrenal androgen
7 P; y4 w; w6 z5 pexcess.1,3
. Z3 ~/ \( t6 X$ hat University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from
3 R/ |, D) Y( B3 H542 Clinical Pediatrics / Vol. 46, No. 6, July 2007
% E$ T: m5 ]+ F+ J# }9 a2 k$ s+ xA unique entity of male-limited gonadotropin-
! i: t" [' ]8 D" O6 B6 @% \1 `+ Bindependent precocious puberty, which is also known
! W5 W6 j6 z! R5 s1 z( H0 ?! b! gas testotoxicosis, may cause precocious puberty at a
& R2 K- c1 }" p6 _+ r" ~* fvery young age. The physical findings in these boys
: x& p5 X1 a7 s# Swith this disorder are full pubertal development,
1 H8 b' K3 _4 x# zincluding bilateral testicular growth, similar to boys/ F6 [9 k+ |+ h! f
with CPP. The gonadotropin levels in this disorder
0 r1 ~0 ~+ A; y+ G1 [5 ?are suppressed to prepubertal levels and do not show
+ E6 m9 c; L6 ppubertal response of gonadotropin after gonadotropin-
& f7 u9 U/ ~6 M( G: F7 |; v7 q8 G' Treleasing hormone stimulation. This is a sex-linked5 `0 m5 _5 @( r8 ]
autosomal dominant disorder that affects only
8 ^) w6 C4 X/ S, pmales; therefore, other male members of the family; h- U# x& H& m
may have similar precocious puberty.3
( F; j2 Y. a- y( ~4 WIn our patient, physical examination was incon-# K+ u& ]( z2 D2 O/ S9 }8 P! p
sistent with true precocious puberty since his testi- f" Z# s2 l) J
cles were prepubertal in size. However, testotoxicosis* N, q! Z6 b a; ?% U9 m, Q; J
was in the differential diagnosis because his father2 _4 b! |" `( w9 B0 B3 m
started puberty somewhat early, and occasionally,
2 H. h, A7 N$ W4 z% Btesticular enlargement is not that evident in the
2 d9 H2 `* P! T0 v) t Ybeginning of this process.1 In the absence of a neg-3 N M: N! M: x1 v' Y4 O0 g
ative initial history of androgen exposure, our+ {! o0 w1 J' W* `/ J% y0 ^1 X
biggest concern was virilizing adrenal hyperplasia,) \! q( O2 K9 R9 O- N* W {
either 21-hydroxylase deficiency or 11-β hydroxylase: N* _" R# Q3 |; M3 J' A4 j- ~
deficiency. Those diagnoses were excluded by find-8 F q! k. c! T
ing the normal level of adrenal steroids.
; e9 f) S a, d; ?6 a# s- L! g: [The diagnosis of exogenous androgens was strongly4 _7 T8 K f4 T5 }1 N& a1 v
suspected in a follow-up visit after 4 months because& a# y: k! K m
the physical examination revealed the complete disap-; ^6 x+ _$ w _* d5 h: i
pearance of pubic hair, normal growth velocity, and
2 |' Y4 l% U& ?2 I k+ u: xdecreased erections. The father admitted using a testos-
, K9 t1 O* y4 `9 n* Gterone gel, which he concealed at first visit. He was7 Y" D9 _% U2 V! W" G5 T* D( ^
using it rather frequently, twice a day. The Physicians’4 @ `1 }7 ^$ U, z! c
Desk Reference, or package insert of this product, gel or
2 k+ `7 ]6 o6 X- v2 \! icream, cautions about dermal testosterone transfer to. T; _$ L$ V: _( K# L, {9 R3 H
unprotected females through direct skin exposure.1 U# x& g8 q- Z- C* d* i
Serum testosterone level was found to be 2 times the
; r( y/ \! o( q7 R/ O4 I% Vbaseline value in those females who were exposed to
6 N- r3 H7 R' \/ t* F3 Oeven 15 minutes of direct skin contact with their male; i) ^& {& f/ }9 k
partners.6 However, when a shirt covered the applica-
( P8 Z1 c2 A9 K+ R8 [* U$ Htion site, this testosterone transfer was prevented.
- L, W# W5 r& ~- u+ m$ A, ZOur patient’s testosterone level was 60 ng/mL,
0 K0 @7 j; I! h' \- ywhich was clearly high. Some studies suggest that
|7 Z0 b3 [: H6 t K$ l5 Odermal conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestos- j4 L* P! p, \2 g5 C+ r1 z
terone, which is a more potent metabolite, is more
; s/ h4 q$ X6 h/ |active in young children exposed to testosterone: i. J% Z/ g" E% d6 p# W' b
exogenously7; however, we did not measure a dihy-
/ K8 l" y& ]8 q1 ?& M& odrotestosterone level in our patient. In addition to
+ T; d6 \3 B3 H' m- u gvirilization, exposure to exogenous testosterone in$ a# e5 h! V1 h, G* U9 G4 m
children results in an increase in growth velocity and
" \' G3 h8 w- S; zadvanced bone age, as seen in our patient.
8 d& _5 O- C; P" M! dThe long-term effect of androgen exposure during
( h+ n7 q1 o. h" Q3 a: {7 Bearly childhood on pubertal development and final
0 p( ?2 O) G H8 u7 {adult height are not fully known and always remain
j# P/ y: U. U; h( ra concern. Children treated with short-term testos-
% F* y' W: x. b" ~: m# Bterone injection or topical androgen may exhibit some) [7 J4 @2 H' x
acceleration of the skeletal maturation; however, after
4 p( u$ \0 }; X) P6 F# ccessation of treatment, the rate of bone maturation
5 s9 ~$ n; Y0 {& C! \" c; Cdecelerates and gradually returns to normal.8,93 B) X1 Z# K) u& Z
There are conflicting reports and controversy- u5 R- [8 O4 c$ f# n& k o
over the effect of early androgen exposure on adult8 P. K5 r6 _7 m! [5 g- M! N
penile length.10,11 Some reports suggest subnormal6 @: @( O/ ~4 h j9 l$ W# b
adult penile length, apparently because of downreg-. K% N! n+ e2 e2 R2 v
ulation of androgen receptor number.10,12 However,2 [$ f$ w, F* o& j% p; S+ {: u
Sutherland et al13 did not find a correlation between. `! y! ]% X8 g4 I1 P9 q
childhood testosterone exposure and reduced adult
& A6 w9 q) S! b8 w: \3 ~' Gpenile length in clinical studies.
% i4 G; S: }9 VNonetheless, we do not believe our patient is1 e# p$ Q) v1 I- d; K
going to experience any of the untoward effects from1 q/ C4 x& q1 i5 l
testosterone exposure as mentioned earlier because
' s" q; k W0 i$ h0 k/ Ithe exposure was not for a prolonged period of time.' I: T9 E& m! V1 S" Q. P. i( u' A3 `
Although the bone age was advanced at the time of
4 T. t) A- p0 l9 z7 pdiagnosis, the child had a normal growth velocity at
8 M, U, ]; s. lthe follow-up visit. It is hoped that his final adult
' G& n! ` v j- H2 y0 s! w- sheight will not be affected.
" F v5 d' I/ ^7 jAlthough rarely reported, the widespread avail-
8 ?3 H# v. I2 h$ hability of androgen products in our society may$ O+ r, U4 [- d+ ]
indeed cause more virilization in male or female3 D% [) q8 M/ v9 _' C# l7 j
children than one would realize. Exposure to andro-
! T' l9 i- i. a4 f, i, ?gen products must be considered and specific ques-2 ]4 j7 E* o7 m1 R d- ~2 j6 ^! @
tioning about the use of a testosterone product or% X; T/ l$ f% {) A4 Z
gel should be asked of the family members during2 E2 E* q! a8 T; Q* ^3 z' r+ M/ W% S
the evaluation of any children who present with vir-
% k0 S$ {$ h% l" E$ m, `ilization or peripheral precocious puberty. The diag-
/ l4 g, T7 n8 fnosis can be established by just a few tests and by* M: h# y5 o2 ?$ m
appropriate history. The inability to obtain such a
: j0 {! m$ h4 c; m6 O2 h$ thistory, or failure to ask the specific questions, may! p2 Y" S5 M9 j! \ I. ?+ {5 R% ]
result in extensive, unnecessary, and expensive8 v Y$ ^! k( b' D3 d! n. y: D
investigation. The primary care physician should be
, w8 H* p2 W5 Aaware of this fact, because most of these children
3 v9 A" V+ x0 ymay initially present in their practice. The Physicians’
2 i% `& C6 e& P% Q$ M# n0 D/ b I6 GDesk Reference and package insert should also put a% ~* Y* K/ i- O( C, D6 Z
warning about the virilizing effect on a male or
0 C' h p/ h: X; B4 ~3 Jfemale child who might come in contact with some-
# E. q" T u9 ?1 v" o1 \3 aone using any of these products.: J, t& ^( n$ z
References9 Q# e/ ]2 V3 ?# g% X
1. Styne DM. The testes: disorder of sexual differentiation
$ M- [8 N7 t7 c" A9 R& i/ J; rand puberty in the male. In: Sperling MA, ed. Pediatric
. v4 j) e: s; P3 s" R( Y9 S1 zEndocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;
) G+ n6 y) H, [* M2002: 565-628.
( A0 \$ M# n5 J/ v! B8 a- H2. Rivarola M, Belgorosky A, Mendilaharzu H, et al. Precocious0 Z7 P# F3 b* f+ i* _: v
puberty in children with tumours of the suprasellar pineal |
|